Process of system

Process of system

1.- Virus enters to body: 

Virus invades body's first line of defence, fastly multiplies in cells, and is spread through the blood and lymph vessels.

2.- Node B cells are activated to produce an antibody-mediated response:

When the lymph enters the lymph node, B cells are activated to produce an antibody-mediated response. Also macrophages  recognise the virus as a non-self antigen and begin to engulf and destroy the pathogen.

3.- The T-cells begin to divide fastly:

The T-Helper cells have a receptor in their membrane cleverly called the T-Cell receptor. This is a protein receptor with a specific shape.

4.-Antibody-mediated response:

Helper T cells sensitise B lymphocytes to divide and produce a clone of cells.

Cloned cells

5.- Antibodies combine with the specific antigen and inactivate or destroy it:

6.- Antibodies combine with the specific antigen and inactive or destroy it:

Neutralisation: Antibodies block active sites on viruses and bacterial toxins which means they can no longer bind to receptor sites on tissue cells and cause injury.

Agglutination: Particles such as bacteria, viruses or foreign blood cells clump together.

Precipitation: Soluble antigens are made insoluble and then settle out of the solution.

7.- Suppressor T cells halt the inmune response:

Once the active infection or tumor or transplant is destroyed many of the T cells
However, a number of them remain as Memory cells. These cells will respond to the same antigen if it is ever encountered again.